approach to neurometabolic diseases from a pediatric neurological point of view

how to cite this article: karimzadeh p. approach to neurometabolic diseases from a pediatric neurological point of view. iran j child neurol. 2015 winter;9(1): 1-16.   abstract objective neurometabolic disorders are an important group of diseases that mostly are presented in newborns and infants. neurological manifestations are the prominent signs and symptoms in this group of diseases. seizures are a common sign and are often refractory to antiepileptic drugs in untreated neurometabolic patients. the onset of symptoms for neurometabolic disorders appears after an interval of normal or near normal growth and development.additionally, affected children may fare well until a catabolic crisis occurs. patients with neurometabolic disorders during metabolic decompensation have severe clinical presentation, which include poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, and loss of consciousness. this symptom is often fatal but severe neurological insult and regression in neurodevelopmental milestones can result as a prominent sign in patients who survived. acute symptoms should be immediately treated regardless of the cause. a number of patients with neurometabolic disorders respond favorably and, in some instances, dramatically respond to treatment. early detection and early intervention is invaluable in some patients to prevent catabolism and normal or near normal neurodevelopmental milestones. this paper discusses neurometabolic disorders, approaches to this group of diseases (from the view of a pediatric neurologist), clinical and neurological manifestations, neuroimaging and electroencephalography findings, early detection, and early treatment.   references filiano jj. neurometabolic disease in the newborn. clinperinatol 33, 2006, 411-479. van karnebeek cdm, stockler s. treatable inborn errors of metabolism causing intellectual disability: a systematic literature review. molecular genetics and metabolism, 105, 2012, 369-381. abdel-salam gmh, abdel-kader aa, effat l, gouda a, hindawy a, el-gammal ma. clinical, electroencephalographic (eeg), neuroradiological and molecular correlations in late-detected phenylketonuria (pku) patients.egypt j. neurol. psychiat. neurosurg., 2005, 42(2):391-406. karimzadeh p, ahmadabadi f, jafari n, shariatmadari f, nemati h, ahadi a, karimidardashti s, mirzarahimi m, dastborhan z, zarenoghabi j. study on mri changes in phenylketonuria in patients referred to mofid hospital/ iran. iran j child neurol. 2014 spring 8(2):53-56. karimzadeh p, jafari n, ahmad abadi f, jabbedari s, taghdiri mm, alaee mr, ghofrani m, tonekaboni sh, nejadbiglari h. propionic acidemia: diagnosis and neuroimaging findings of this neurometabolic disorder. iran j child neurol. 2014 winter; 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